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US_43: Heraldic Panel Wolfgang Grienwaldt (Grünwald, Grünenwald)
(USA_Princeton_PrincetonUniversityArtMuseum_US_43)

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Title

Heraldic Panel Wolfgang Grienwaldt (Grünwald, Grünenwald)

Type of Object
Dimensions
43 x 33.5 cm (17 x 13 ¼ in.)
Artist / Producer
Dating
1612
Location
Inventory Number
y1961-53
Research Project
Author and Date of Entry
Virginia C. Raguin 2024

Iconography

Description

A heraldic shield with elaborate mantling is silhouetted against a white background and rests on a tiled floor. It is framed by green pillars and red columns that support an elaborate mauve arch festooned with volutes and a central boss with a man’s head. Virtues standing on sculpted podiums flank the shield. To the left is the personification of Justice dressed in a green robe and holding scales and a sword. To the right is the virtue of Faith dressed in a blue robe and holding a burning candle and book. Above a red architrave an additional scene shows the Queen of Sheba approaching king Solomon who is seated on his lion throne on the left. Her elaborate retinue carries fruits, flowers, and coffers of gold and leads exotic animals such as camels, parrots, and monkeys. At the bottom of the panel a yellow and white inscription cartouche with scrollwork borders is flanked by musical angels.

Iconclass Code
11G21 · angels singing, making music
11M31 · Faith, 'Fides'; 'Fede', 'Fede catholica', 'Fede christiana', 'Fede christiana catholica' (Ripa) ~ one of the Three Theological Virtues
11M44 · Justice, 'Justitia'; 'Giustitia divina' (Ripa) ~ one of the Four Cardinal Virtues
46A122 · armorial bearing, heraldry
71I331 · the queen of Sheba comes to Solomon with a train of camels loaded with gifts
Iconclass Keywords
Heraldry

Arms of Grienwaldt (Grünenwald, Grünwald), Wolfgang: Argent a bend sable three clovers argent between two greyhounds gules Crest: a helm to dexter surmounted by a barrel or; mantling azure and or.

Inscription

Wolffgang Grienwaldt/ Ammeister Anno. 1612 (Wolfgang Grienwaldt, chief magistrate, the year 1612)

Signature

none

Materials, Technique and State of Preservation

Technique

The panel is comprised primarily of uncolored glass with silver stain and blue, green, and purple enamel. The red hounds on the shield are defined by flashed and abraded pot metal red. The architecture uses segments of red, yellow, green, and mauve pot metal glass; the green and mauve treated with silver stain to create hues of green, warm yellow, respectively. Vitreous paint applied in predominantly smooth washes defines volume. Contours are given thin outlines in black, especially noticeable in the complex narrative scene at the top. Back painting is presented but limited.

State of Preservations and Restorations

The panel is apparently completely intact with excellent paint adhesion across all surfaces. Repair leads diminish the impact of the panel to some extent, especially in the complex narrative at the top. In comparison to other works by Lingg, the Princeton panel is particularly elaborate and beautifully painted.

History

Research

Wolf (or Wolfgang) Grünwaldt was Ammeister of Strassburg in 1612. His arms are listed as per fess argent and gules, in chief three green trees (see Kindler von Knobloch, 1886, 103, fig. 156). Here, the arms are quite different.

The attributes of Justice were of long-standing tradition. The attributes of a candle and book for Faith were used from at least the mid sixteenth century. They appear in an Illustration of Petrarch's Triumphs dated 1534–1590 showing Faith overcoming sensual love (British Museum, Inv. no. 1869,0410.134). The print is attributed to Dirk Volkertsz Coornhert. In the narrative scene at the top of the Princeton panel, the Queen of Sheba, hearing of the wisdom of Solomon, pays him a visit (Matthew 12:42 and Luke 11:31). Solomon sits upon his fabled lion throne, a frequent image in Swiss glass. The image of the Judgment of Solomon (1 Kings 3:16–28) was a popular theme for magistrates.

The most important work of the Lingg workshop is the cycle of 115 panels for the cloister of the Carthusian monastery in Molsheim, some 27 km (18 miles) west of Strasbourg and a center of Counter-Reformation activity in the later 16th century. Only seven works have survived. The Princeton panel can be compared to the Arms of Johann Dieffenbach (?), about 1613 attributed to Lingg by Uta Bergmann (private collection; FR_365; Bergmann, 2014, vol. 2, pp. 889–890, cat. nr. 365). The general disposition of the architecture is similar, especially the relationship of the shield with its mantling and crest to the architectural frame. The musical angels flanking the inscription plate in both the Princeton and Strasbourg panels appear to be after Lingg’s workshop models. The panel also show many similarities with Lingg’s Arms of the Guild of Anchor Makers, dated 1604 (Musée Historique Strasbourg, 88.2006.0.9). The images of the virtues of Justice and Faith, including their pedestals, are almost identical to those in the Princeton panel.


Cited in:
Record of the Art Museum, 1963, p. 19.
Raguin, & Morgan, 1987, p. 88.

Dating
1612
Commissioner

Grienwaldt (Grünwald, Grünenwald), Wolfgang

Previous Location
Place of Manufacture
Previous Owner

Stanley Mortimer, Princeton class of 1919

Bibliography and Sources

Literature

Bergmann, U. (2014). Die Freiburger Glasmalerei des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts, Le vitrail fribourgeois du XVI2 au XVIII2 siècle (Corpus Vitrearum Reihe Neuzeit, vol. 6), 2 vols., Bern.

Kindler von Knobloch, J. (1886). Das goldene Buch von Strassburg, Vienna.

Raguin, V., & Morgan, N. (1987). Stained Glass before 1700 in American Collections: Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern Seaboard States. Corpus Vitrearum Checklist II, ed. and intro. Madeline H. Caviness and Jane Hayward (Studies in the History of Art, 23), Washington DC.

Record of the Princeton University Art Museum (1963) 22/1, Princeton University NJ.

Unpublished sources: Sarah Keller, Vitrocentre Romont, consultation on donor, 2025.

Image Information

Name of Image
USA_Princeton_PrincetonUniversityArtMuseum_US_43
Credits
Michel M. Raguin, with the permission of the Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton NJ, USA (artmuseum.princeton.edu)
Link to the original photo
Copyright
Public Domain

Citation suggestion

Raguin, V., C. (2024). Heraldic Panel Wolfgang Grienwaldt (Grünwald, Grünenwald). In Vitrosearch. Retrieved June 4, 2025 from https://test.vitrosearch.ch/objects/2721072.

Record Information

Reference Number
US_43