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US_46: Heraldic Panel Peter Falkenstein
(USA_Princeton_PrincetonUniversityArtMuseum_US_46)

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Title

Heraldic Panel Peter Falkenstein

Type of Object
Dimensions
33 x 21.8 cm (13 x 8 ½ in.)
Artist / Producer
Place of Manufacture
Dating
1580
Location
Inventory Number
y1962-103
Research Project
Author and Date of Entry
Virginia C. Raguin 2024

Iconography

Description

The arms of the donor appear within an elaborate baroque frame. Silhouetted against a white ground, the shield is surmounted by a helm and a crest with rich mantling of the heraldic colors of red and white. Two dark blue columns framing the arms support a red arch with a green central boss adorned with a cupid’s head. On either side of the arch are putti framed by architecture decorated with fruit. Personifications of virtues flank the arms. They are shown as women in armor standing on circular bases decorated with lions’ heads. To the left is Justice with sword and scales. To the right Prudence carries an hour glass and sword. The inscription is set within a large cartouche with scrollwork borders in white and yellow. Youthful male figures with short, blond hair sit at either side.

Iconclass Code
11M41 · Prudence, 'Prudentia'; 'Prudenza' (Ripa) ~ one of the Four Cardinal Virtues
11M44 · Justice, 'Justitia'; 'Giustitia divina' (Ripa) ~ one of the Four Cardinal Virtues
46A122(FALCKENSTEIN) · armorial bearing, heraldry (FALCKENSTEIN)
Iconclass Keywords
Heraldry

Arms of Falkenstein, Peter: Gules a pelican argent; crest, on a helm to dexter a pelican argent; mantling of the colors.

Inscription

Petter Falckenstein/ Burger Zu Zurich 1580 (Peter Falkenstein, citizen of Zurich, 1580)

Signature

none

Materials, Technique and State of Preservation

Technique

Pot metal glass appears in a variety of shades: deep purple for the entablature and the skirts of the allegorical figures; deep red for the capitals, arch, and lower border, and abraded red in the heraldry. The helm and architectural support for the coat of arms uses a light blue, and a light green appears in the keystone of the arch. The sides and top and bottom segments are composed of uncolored glass with silver stain. Throughout the panel the artist applied a highly sophisticated use of a granular wash.

State of Preservations and Restorations

The panel shows no replacements. A single mending lead extends through the neck and wings of the pelican of the crest. Minor paint lost and scratches appears on the name plate and the green keystone of the arch.

History

Research

The window is remarkably subtle in its delineation of the figure, seeming more related to Netherlandish traditions than most Swiss glass painting of the time. The personifications are Romanized, depicting powerful females in classical armor. Their forms, and that of the putti above and those holding the inscription plate achieve a highly plastic, three-dimensionality, actually taking up believable space. Such innovation resonates with the styles transformed in the Lowlands by painters who had travelled to Rome in the first half of the sixteenth century. The application of paint in similarly sophisticated. Art historians have suggested that some of the comparative material, cited below, is associated with the Murer family, consisting of Jos with sons Josias and Christoph, influential glass painters in Zurich from the 1540’s through 1630. There are some similarities in the format and especially the handling of the painting in the mantling, helm, and heraldic animal in the crest, with the Arms of Kaspar Krieg of Zurich. The panel, now in Reding-Haus, Schwyz, however, is heavily restored, including the inscription plate which carries a date of 1572 (SZ_15). A drawing now in the Wyss collection of stained glass drawings, dated 1590–1600, shows a blank shield set in a similar architectural frame with personification of Justice and Prudence standing on pedestals of the same shape (Wyss Collection, Inv. 20036.173; Hasler, 1996/97, no. 593, p. 207).

The pelican in the arms is seen as “vulning” itself, biting at her breast. Medieval bestiaries explained that the pelican would feed its young with its blood, and drew a parallel with Christ’s offering of his blood on the cross. Thomas Aquinas’ hymn Adoro te devote, 1264, celebrated Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist with the words: Pie pellicane, Iesu Domine, me immundum munda tuo sanguine (Deign, O Jesus, Pelican of heaven, me, a sinner, in Thy Blood to lave). The Arms of the district of Solothurn, dated 1579, includes the Pelican emblem of the Falkenstein family at the top (Bernisches Historisches Museum; BE_1495). Justice is represented by her traditional emblems of sword and scales. The virtue on the right holds an hour glass, an attribute of Temperance, as depicted a Netherlandish engraving issued about 1550 by Cornelis Massijs (from a series of nine plates of the Virtues; British Museum E,1.287).

Cited in:
Record of the Art Museum, 1963, p. 19.
Raguin, & Morgan, 1987, p. 82.
Hasler, 1996/97, p. 206.

Dating
1580
Commissioner

Falkenstein, Peter

Previous Location
Place of Manufacture
Previous Owner

Stanley Mortimer, Princeton class of 1919

Bibliography and Sources

Literature

Hasler, R. (1996/1997). Die Scheibenriss-Sammlung Wyss. Depositum der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft im Bernischen Historischen Museum. 2. Bde. Bern: Stämpfli und Cie AG.

Hasler, R., Landolt, O., Michel, A., von Reding, N., & Tomaschett, M. (2020). Formen der Selbstrepräsentation: Die Glasscheibensammlung im Reding-Haus an der Schmiedgasse in Schwyz. Schwyzer Hefte, 112. Schwyz, Schweiz: Verlag Schwyzer Hefte.

Raguin, V., & Morgan, N. (1987). Stained Glass before 1700 in American Collections: Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern Seaboard States. Corpus Vitrearum Checklist II, ed. and intro. Madeline H. Caviness and Jane Hayward (Studies in the History of Art, 23), Washington DC.

Record of the Princeton University Art Museum (1963) 22/1, Princeton University NJ.

Unpublished sources: Rolf Haser, consultation.

Image Information

Name of Image
USA_Princeton_PrincetonUniversityArtMuseum_US_46
Credits
Michel M. Raguin, with the permission of the Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton NJ, USA (artmuseum.princeton.edu)
Link to the original photo
Copyright
Public Domain

Citation suggestion

Raguin, V., C. (2024). Heraldic Panel Peter Falkenstein. In Vitrosearch. Retrieved June 4, 2025 from https://test.vitrosearch.ch/objects/2721075.

Record Information

Reference Number
US_46