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US_53: Heraldic Panel Aberli and three unidentified shields with the Virgin and Child with a Host of Saints
(USA_Baltimore_WaltersArtMuseum_US_53)

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Title

Heraldic Panel Aberli and three unidentified shields with the Virgin and Child with a Host of Saints

Type of Object
Dimensions
49·5 x 38.5 cm (19 1/2 x 15 1/8 in.)
Artist / Producer
Place of Manufacture
Dating
1536
Location
Inventory Number
46.48
Research Project
Author and Date of Entry
Virginia C. Raguin 2024

Iconography

Description

A dense collection of images of saints, all labeled, appears in the upper half of the panel. Below are three coats of arms in a pyramid form. The composition of the panel, and its attraction rests on its highly ornate architectural borders and background. Massive baroque columns of red and green pot metal glass frame the panel. Above their broad, foliate bases, a band of uncolored glass with silver stain and enamel shows male and female heads in profile. Their ornate capital displays yellow foliage on the front and male harpies in profile flanking the interior scene. At the top, surrounding the imagery, is a blue arch with silver-stained green intertwining vines and leaves. In the center bottom, a relief of harpies, putti, and other mythological figures frame the blue coat of arms. Above that, a bright green ground silhouettes the blue and red arms.

Iconclass Code
11A · Deity, God (in general) ~ Christian religion
11F4 · Madonna: i.e. Mary with the Christ-child
11H(JAMES THE GREAT) · the apostle James the Great; possible attributes: book, pilgrim's cloak, hat, shell, staff, and wallet, scroll, sword
11H(JOACHIM)(+2) · the father of Mary, Joachim; possible attributes: book, two doves, lamb, (shepherd's) staff (+ Mary)
11H(JOHN THE BAPTIST) · John the Baptist; possible attributes: book, reed cross, baptismal cup, honeycomb, lamb, staff
11H(JOSEPH) · the foster-father of Christ, Joseph of Nazareth, husband of Mary; possible attributes: flowering rod or wand, lily, carpenter's tools
11HH(ANNA)4 · Anna, mother of Mary; possible attributes: book, Christ-child, lily, Virgin Mary - non-miraculous activities and events ~ female saint
11HH(ELISABETH OF HUNGARY)9 · the wife and widow of the Landgrave of Thuringia, and Franciscan Tertiary, Elisabeth of Hungary; possible attributes: beggar, cripple, fish, loaves, leper, model of church, pitcher, roses in lap, scald-head, three crowns - portrait of female saint
46A122 · armorial bearing, heraldry
Iconclass Keywords
Heraldry

Arms of Aberli: Gules a horseshoe surmounted by a cross argent.
Unidentified: Azure a Stafford's knot or.
Unidentified: Quarterly; 1 and 4 gules a horseshoe surmounted by a cross argent; 2 and 3 azure a fleur-de-lis or.
Unidentified: Azure the letters A B surmounted by a mullet with a comet's tail or.

Inscription

Sola Virtvs Nō Moritvr 1536 (courage alone does not die)
S. Ioachim (Joachim)/ S. Ana (St. Anne)/ S. Maria ([Virgin] Mary)/ S. Elisabet (St. Elizabeth)/ S. Emve (St. Emma)(Front row)
Cebedevs (?) /S. Deofpas (??)/ Alechevs (Alexius of Rome?)/ Zacharias (Zacharias) / Ioseph (Joseph) (Second row)
Salomon (Solomon)/ Johan Bapsida (John the Baptist) / S. Iosep (?)/ S. Iacob der M. (St. James the Greater) / Mella (?) / S. Iacob D. Minder (St. James the Less)/ S. Vl[ . . . ] (St. Vincent?)( Back row)

Signature

none

Materials, Technique and State of Preservation

Technique

The panel consists of red, rose, green and several shades of blue pot metal glass as well uncolored glass. Much of the glass is flashed and abraded. In the upper portion, showing the saints, the abraded side is on the front. See, for example, the flashed rose for the garments of St. Elizabeth. Silver stain is used to tint the child’s garment, the bodice of Elizabeth, and the robe of Emma to achieve an orange color. Flashed red glass is used for the heads in the capitals. Below, for all of the shields, either blue or red, the abrasion is on the reverse. Backpainting provides the pattern in the green drape behind the shields, shading for the figures, especially hair and beards, and other elements in the panel. Sanguine on the reverse achieves the reddish brown of robes of the figures in the upper rows.

State of Preservations and Restorations

There is some surface abrasion and a mending lead in the arch on the left. Otherwise, the panel is intact.

History

Research

The technique is quite sophisticated although the drafting style appears somewhat provincial. Similar elaborate borders can be found in a series of panels dated 1534–35 associated with the family May in the Canton Aargau notably the Heraldic panel of Katharina May-von Wattenwyl by an unidentified artist in the circle of Hans Funk, 1534/35 (Hasler, 2002, pp. 83, 253–55, cat. no. 128). See other panels in the collection of the Swiss National Museum, Zurich, representing Benedict May, dated 1534 and Glado II May, dated 1535 (Schneider, 1970, vol. 1, p. 81, cat. nos. 206 and 207).

The Latin motto: Sola Virtvs Nō Moritvr can be translated “courage alone does not die.” Such sentiments can easily be attributed to a group of individuals joined together in an enterprise. This representation of the many saints in a widow of 1536 can be seen as a vigorous statement of Catholic allegiance. The donors clearly wanted to testify to their belief in the intercession of saints, a practice rejected by the Lutheran and Zwinglian reformers. Martin Luther, who was excommunicated by the pope in January 1521, developed a vigorous following and by 1546, the year of his death, his ideas condemning many Catholic practices had gained a wide acceptance in German-speaking lands. Ulrich Zwingli, the leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, dominated politics in Zurich in the 1520s.

The saints grouped in the front are core players in the story of Christian redemption: the Gospel personalities of Joachim and Anne, the parents of the Virgin Mary, and the seated Virgin holding the Christ Child in her lap. Anne holds the infant Virgin Mary in her arms. To the right, St. Elizabeth of Hungary (Thuringia) is shown with a petitioning child at her feet. She was an early thirteenth-century princess who after her husband’s death joined the Third Order of St. Francis, a lay Franciscan group, devoting herself to aiding the poor. Her shrine is in Marburg, Germany. St. Emma dates from the tenth century, a countess venerated for her good works and associated with the city of Bremen.

The second row begins with three male saints labeled Cebedevs (?), Deofpas (?), and Alechevs, who may be Alexius of Rome. Next is Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist followed by St. Joseph, the foster father of Jesus. The final row begins on the left with the biblical king Solomon. Next to him is John the Baptist holding a book supporting a lamb with a cross. The symbol refers to John’s exclamation when he saw Jesus, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! (John 1:29). Next is a man dressed as a monk labeled St. Joseph, who is yet to be identified. Then follows St. James the Greater, dressed, as was then traditional, as a pilgrim. He is wearing the pilgrim’s hat bearing a scallop shell in the center flanked on the left by crossed staffs, and on the right by a monk. The emblems are pilgrim’s badges acquired at his shrine in Santiago de Compostela on the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula. St. Mella is unidentified. Could this possibly be Saint Mellitus of Canterbury (died 624)? He is followed by the Apostle St. James the Less and a young male saint who may be the widely venerated Vincent of Saragossa, martyred in about 304.

Cited
Hayward, Kummer-Rothenhäusler, & Raguin, 1987, p. 66.
Hayward, Kummer-Rothenhäusler, & Raguin, 1989, p. 311.

Dating
1536
Commissioner

unidentified

Previous Location
Place of Manufacture
Previous Owner

Countess de Bourg, Paris · A. Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York

Bibliography and Sources

Literature

Hasler, R. (2002). Glasmalerei im Kanton Aargau: Kirchen und Rathäuser (Corpus Vitrearum Reihe Neuzeit, vol. 3) Reinach.

Hayward, J., Kummer-Rothenhäusler, S., & Raguin, V. (1987). in Stained Glass before 1700 in American Collections: Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern Seaboard States. Corpus Vitrearum Checklist II, ed. and intro. Madeline H. Caviness and Jane Hayward (Studies in the History of Art, 23). Washington DC.

Hayward, J., Kummer-Rothenhäusler, S., & Raguin, V. (1989). Stained Glass before 1700 in American Collections: Midwestern and Western States. with Addenda and Corrigenda, Corpus Vitrearum Checklist III, ed. and intro. Madeline H. Caviness and Jane Hayward (Studies in the History of Art, 28). Washington DC.

Schneider, J. (1970). Glasgemälde: Katalog der Sammlung des Schweizerischen Landesmuseums, Zürich, Stafa.

Unpublished sources: Rolf Hasler, 2020-2023 consultation.

References to Additional Images

Reverse Raguin

Image Information

Name of Image
USA_Baltimore_WaltersArtMuseum_US_53
Credits
The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland USA
Link to the original photo
Copyright
Public Domain

Citation suggestion

Raguin, V., C. (2024). Heraldic Panel Aberli and three unidentified shields with the Virgin and Child with a Host of Saints. In Vitrosearch. Retrieved June 4, 2025 from https://test.vitrosearch.ch/objects/2721082.

Record Information

Reference Number
US_53